Wampum
Wampum is beads and belts used by Indigenous nations of the Eastern Woodland.[1]
In Anishinabek News
- November 2016: These beads are made from shells and were woven into belts to record and represent diplomatic agreements. Specific belts include the 1763 Treaty belt, the Two Row Wampum, and the Dish with One Spoon. The belts served as messages sent to nations around the Great Lakes to invite them to treaty negotiations.[2]
- October 2018: Sacred belts were brought into the courtroom during the Robinson Huron Treaty trial to represent ancestral agreements.[3]
- February 2019: Karl Hele noted that Edward J. Hedican failed to reference these belts or their associated agreements with the French or English in his 2017 book.[4]
- November 2021: These beads are commonly crafted from quahog clam shells and were used to create belts that record council events and inter-national relationships. The belts functioned as a system of diplomacy and a method for storing information and archives before and after European contact. Strings of these beads were given to council participants as a record of attendance and a pledge to uphold collective decisions.[1]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Lakehead University explores treaties during Treaties Recognition Week", Anishinabek News, 10 November 2021 (archived copy; original article).
- ↑ "Professor explains the basics why we are all Treaty People", Anishinabek News, 22 November 2016 (archived copy; original article).
- ↑ "Victory and loss in the Robinson Huron Treaty Trial", Anishinabek News, 30 October 2018 (archived copy; original article).
- ↑ "Book Review: The First Nations of Ontario: Social and Historical Transitions", Anishinabek News, 20 February 2019 (archived copy; original article).